Noticias
OpenAI’s Economic Blueprint – Sync #502

Hello and welcome to Sync #502!
In this week’s issue, we take a closer look at OpenAI’s Economic Blueprint, which outlines policy proposals preferred by OpenAI for how the US can maximise AI’s benefits, bolster national security, and drive economic growth.
Elsewhere in AI, Mark Zuckerberg said that AI could soon do the work of Meta’s midlevel engineers, Elon Musk wants courts to force OpenAI to auction off a significant ownership stake, and President Joe Biden issued an executive order to accelerate the domestic construction of AI infrastructure.
Over in robotics, OpenAI is taking robotics seriously again and is looking for people to join its newly reformed robotics team. We also have another video of a humanoid robot, and how soft robotics can help create more flexible, quieter, and adaptable robots.
In other news, Neuralink announced that its brain-computer interface has been implanted in a third patient. We also look at how AI is helping archaeologists read ancient texts, meet a startup planning to bury micro-nuclear reactors to power data centres and explore the future of nanotechnology.
Enjoy!
The car was not invented in America—it was invented in Europe. This invention promised to revolutionise the world and completely reimagine every aspect of our lives—how we work, how we do business, and how we live our everyday lives. It promised to unlock new ways of living and new opportunities for economic growth.
However, not everyone saw cars and the emerging automotive industry as an opportunity. Many countries introduced laws and regulations that hindered cars—this new, exciting technology—from reaching their full potential. Meanwhile, America seized this opportunity and transformed the automotive industry into one of the pillars of its 20th-century economy. While individual states invested in the necessary infrastructure and business incentives for the automotive industry to thrive, the federal government funded the massive highway system that connected the country.
This is the story that OpenAI opens its recently released Economic Blueprint and argues that history repeats before our eyes. However, instead of cars, this new vehicle of innovation, opportunity, and economic growth is AI. In this 15-page document, OpenAI outlines its preferred AI policies and how these can ensure shared and responsible AI benefits while fostering US leadership in AI development. It urges US policymakers to fully embrace AI, much as the country did a century ago with automobiles, and to create a fertile environment where the AI industry can thrive and become the new engine of economic growth.
OpenAI’s Economic Blueprint and the proposed policies are organised into three sections: Competitiveness and Security, Rules of the Road and Infrastructure as Destiny.
In the first section, OpenAI focuses on policies aimed at maintaining US leadership in AI and emphasises the need for the United States to lead in AI development through clear, consistent rules that promote innovation, ensure national security, and prevent misuse. It advocates aligning AI development with democratic values, such as free-market competition and user freedom while holding developers and users accountable for responsible use.
OpenAI warns of the risks posed by adversarial misuse of AI, including authoritarian governments using it for control, industrial espionage, novel cyber threats, and unchecked global investments flowing to nations like China.
To counter these risks, the blueprint calls for federal leadership to develop a cohesive strategy for AI. This includes prioritising the development of state-of-the-art frontier models with robust safeguards, streamlining regulations, and promoting collaboration with international allies. OpenAI also advocates for deeper collaboration with national security organizations (the company highlights here its partnerships with agencies like Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Air Force Research Laboratory, as well as recently the announced partnership with defence startup Andruil), to develop best practices for deploying AI securely and addressing emerging threats.
Export policies should securely share AI advancements with partner nations to strengthen their AI ecosystems while restricting access for adversaries. OpenAI also emphasises the need for an international coalition to establish shared safety standards and prevent regulatory fragmentation.
OpenAI highlights the importance of establishing clear and practical guidelines to ensure AI is developed and used responsibly while maximising its benefits for society. It emphasises that AI, like past transformative technologies, requires thoughtful governance to unlock its full potential. By setting these rules early, OpenAI argues, the US can lay the foundation for the rapid and widespread adoption of AI and empower users across the country.
OpenAI advocates for robust safeguards to prevent the creation of harmful AI-generated content and calls for stronger collaboration between AI companies and law enforcement. To build public trust in AI, it proposes using provenance data to trace AI-generated content back to its source. OpenAI also emphasises empowering users with control over their AI tools, including how personal data is used and the ability to personalise AI to their preferences.
OpenAI encourages states to serve as testing grounds for AI innovation, particularly in education and healthcare, fostering local AI ecosystems while increasing public confidence in the technology. By implementing these “rules of the road,” OpenAI believes the US can establish a secure, innovative, and user-centric AI ecosystem that benefits all Americans.
OpenAI underscores the critical role of infrastructure in securing US leadership in AI and fostering economic growth. Drawing parallels to the transformative impact of the automobile industry, OpenAI emphasises the need to develop the foundational resources—chips, data, energy, and talent—necessary for the AI industry to thrive. OpenAI argues that timely investment in these areas could catalyse a “reindustrialisation” of the US, creating widespread economic opportunities and bolstering global competitiveness.
To meet the growing demand for AI compute and energy, OpenAI proposes initiatives such as AI Economic Zones to fast-track infrastructure projects, increased investment in new energy sources, and a National AI Infrastructure Highway to connect regional power and communication grids. It also advocates digitising public data to support US AI developers of all sizes. In return, OpenAI suggests, developers using this data could collaborate with the government to generate insights that inform the development of better public policies.
The document envisions the creation of AI research labs aligned with local industries. As an example, the blueprint suggests Kansas could establish a hub dedicated to applying AI in agriculture, while Texas or Pennsylvania could develop hubs focused on integrating AI into power production and grid resilience.
The section also warns of the risks of inaction, such as allowing global AI investments (which OpenAI estimates at $175 billion) to flow to adversaries like China, and emphasises the importance of policies that ensure AI is built on democratic foundations. By investing in infrastructure and fostering the growth of AI ecosystems, OpenAI envisions a future where the US remains at the forefront of innovation while unlocking economic opportunities across the country.
In essence, OpenAI’s Economic Blueprint brings together what OpenAI and its CEO, Sam Altman, have been advocating for for the last two years. It calls on the US government to take decisive action to establish a federal legal framework that sets clear rules for the AI industry. At the same time, OpenAI urges the US government to step in and support the development of infrastructure necessary for an AI-powered economy — from creating new energy sources to investing in the chip industry and education.
With these policies in place, OpenAI argues, the US can win the AI race. In fact, OpenAI goes even further and says the US must win this race. The document suggests that if these policies are not implemented, it will be China—not the US—that benefits most from AI and dictates the course of the technology. This “us versus them” rhetoric appears throughout the document, aiming to use patriotism or nationalism to rally support for OpenAI’s proposed policies. OpenAI frames AI development as a critical battle for technological leadership and security between democratic nations like the US and authoritarian adversaries like China—a framing reminiscent of the Cold War.
With the new Trump administration set to take power soon, OpenAI might find greater success in convincing the White House and the US government to adopt its preferred AI policies.
By using the car industry as an analogy to the AI industry, OpenAI references one of the industries that defined the 20th-century United States. The car and the automotive industry redefined what America is and transformed how people work, conduct business, and live. OpenAI argues that AI will play a similarly transformative role in the 21st century. However, for history to repeat itself, decisive actions must be taken, according to OpenAI. Otherwise, AI will not be associated with the US, and the benefits of AI will be reaped by someone else.
The full Blueprint is available here.
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Musk Says Neuralink Implanted Third Patient With Brain Device
Speaking at an event in Las Vegas, Elon Musk announced that Neuralink’s brain-computer interface has been implanted in a third patient. “We’ve now got three humans with Neuralinks implanted, and they’re all working well,” said Musk, adding that the company plans to carry out about 20 to 30 more implants in 2025.
It’s not fair having 12 pairs of legs (9:58)
I’ve recently been reminded about this TED Talk by Aimee Mullins from 2009. While her talk focuses on redefining disability and turning it into a superpower, it is also about how people react to someone who changed their body beyond what most will ever encounter. The story Mullins shares about someone telling her it’s unfair that she can choose her height offers insight into how people might respond if—or when—radical human augmentation becomes a reality.
Omi, a competitor to Friend, wants to boost your productivity using AI and a ‘brain interface’
Meet Omi, yet another AI-first device revealed at CES 2025. Similar to other devices in this category, such as Rabbit, Humane, and Friend, this AI wearable offers functions like answering questions, summarising conversations, creating to-do lists, and scheduling meetings. Like its predecessors, it features a sleek, futuristic design. However, unlike its predecessors, Omi is positioned as a complementary device to smartphones rather than a replacement or AI companion. Additionally, it includes a built-in brain interface to detect user commands without requiring a wake word.I have some doubts, but let’s wait for independent reviews, which are expected in Q2 2025 when the device is planned to be shipped.
Nanotechnology: The Future of Everything (36:48)
In this video, Isaac Arthur takes a closer look at nanotechnology—exploring its origins, the challenges and risks of engineering at the nanoscale, and the enormous potential this technology holds for manufacturing, medicine, and many other areas. Arthur compares the current state of nanotechnology to that of artificial intelligence a decade ago—when the AI we have today seemed like science fiction. The same, Arthur argues, could happen to nanotechnology and massively transform our lives.
Mark Zuckerberg says AI could soon do the work of Meta’s midlevel engineers
In a conversation with Joe Rogan, Mark Zuckerberg revealed Meta’s plans to automate the work of mid-level software engineers by 2025. Meta aims to have all coding for its apps eventually generated by AI, potentially making coding a fully automated skill which could lead to significant cost savings.
Biden opens federal land for AI data centers, sets rules for developers
President Joe Biden issued an executive order to accelerate the domestic construction of AI infrastructure and address national security risks associated with the technology. The US Department of Defense and Department of Energy are authorised to lease federal sites for gigawatt-scale AI data centres. The order also issued guidelines for AI developers using the sites to not only build, operate, and maintain the leased centres at full cost, but also to deliver clean energy resources to match their capacity needs to prevent increases in electricity costs. The move aligns with efforts to keep AI development onshore and reduce reliance on foreign resources. Agencies will now select federal sites for AI data centres, after which developers can submit lease proposals.
Elon Musk wants courts to force OpenAI to auction off a large ownership stake
The battle between OpenAI and Elon Musk continues. According to a report by the Financial Times, Elon Musk’s lawyer has urged the attorneys general of California and Delaware to force OpenAI to auction a significant stake in its business. OpenAI plans to convert into a public benefit corporation, with its nonprofit retaining shares—a move Musk has legally challenged, arguing it undervalues the nonprofit’s assets and unfairly consolidates power. OpenAI defends the conversion as a means to fund its mission better, while Musk and allies, including Meta, continue to voice concerns over governance, transparency, and potential monopolisation.
AI researcher François Chollet founds a new AI lab focused on AGI
There is a new AI lab focusing on AGI on the block. It’s called Ndea and was founded by François Chollet—a well-respected AI researcher, the author of Keras (a popular deep learning framework) and the co-creator of the ARC Benchmark and ARC-AGI Prize—and Mike Knoop, the founder of Zapier. As Chollet writes in his tweet, Ndea will focus on researching deep learning-guided program synthesis, a promising new method of building AI systems, which the team hopes will eventually lead to AGI.
How AI is unlocking ancient texts — and could rewrite history
AI is revolutionising archaeology by helping decipher ancient texts, reconstruct incomplete documents, and analyse vast historical archives. Recent projects include the Vesuvius Challenge, where AI revealed text from carbonised Herculaneum scrolls, and the Ithaca model, which restores missing words and dates Greek inscriptions. AI has also translated Korean royal archives and made strides in decoding rare scripts like Linear B. By combining machine learning with human expertise, researchers are uncovering hidden knowledge and making new discoveries about the ancient world.
Asimov’s Laws of Robotics Need an Update for AI
For decades, Asimov’s famous Three Laws of Robotics have been shaping the discourse on AI and robotics ethics. Times, however, have changed, and we now live in a world flooded with deepfakes and AI-generated misinformation. To address the rise in AI-generated misinformation and deepfakes, this article proposes a fourth law: A robot or AI must not deceive a human by impersonating a human being, and suggests how this fourth law could be implemented.
It’s Time to Move Past AI Nationalism
”AI nationalism depicts AI as a battle to be won, rather than an opportunity to be harnessed,” writes Verity Harding in this article calling to stop viewing the AI race from a nationalistic point of view, to not view AI through a competitive and nationalistic lens, influenced by geopolitical tensions, and to embrace diplomacy and collaborative frameworks in managing AI’s global impact. As Harding notes, there are signs that this shift is happening.
AI Brad Pitt dupes French woman out of €830,000
Here is yet another example of AI is being used by scammers. A 53-year-old French woman was conned out of €830,000 by scammers posing as actor Brad Pitt. For over 18 months, the scammers used AI-generated photos, videos, and fabricated news reports to convince the woman that she was interacting with the real Brad Pitt. When she realised it was a scam, the woman contacted the authorities and later publicly shared her story. While mockery dominated online responses, some posts and media highlighted the need for empathy and greater awareness of modern digital scams.
Transformer²: Self-Adaptive LLMs
Researchers from the Japanese AI lab Sakana.ai present Transformer²—a new approach to developing large language models that can adjust their own weights dynamically and adapt to new knowledge. The results presented in the paper look promising. Researchers hope this new approach will eventually lead to models embodying “living intelligence” that continually learn, evolve and adapt over time.
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New OpenAI job listings reveal the company’s robotics plans
After dismantling its robotics team in 2021, OpenAI is now taking robotics seriously again and is looking for people to join its newly reformed robotics team. Caitlin Kalinowski, who leads OpenAI’s robotics efforts, recently tweeted that the company has open job listings for robotics engineers to develop “general-purpose,” “adaptive,” and “versatile” robots capable of human-like intelligence in dynamic, real-world settings. The company is looking to recruit engineers experienced in designing systems for high-volume manufacturing (1M+ units), hinting at potential plans for “full-scale production” of robots. While there are no further details on the type of robots OpenAI intends to build, rumours suggest that humanoid robots may be on the table.
Unitree G1 Bionic: Agile Upgrade (1:06)
Another week, another video of a humanoid robot. This time, the Chinese company Unitree showcases how its humanoid robot, G1, can navigate challenging terrain, such as stone-laden surfaces, running up and down hills, and climbing stairs.
How we can make robots more human-like (12:50)
In this talk, Robert Katzschmann, Assistant Professor of Robotics at ETH Zurich, shares his vision for soft robotics, which takes inspiration from nature to create more flexible, quieter, and adaptable robots. Katzschmann explains how these robots differ from traditional robots and demonstrates one on the stage. He also showcases his latest research project—a robotic leg powered by artificial hydraulic muscles—and its potential to revolutionise robotics for everyday life.
Illumina, Nvidia Launch AI-Based Genomics Partnership
Nvidia and Illumina announced a partnership to apply genomics and AI technologies in drug discovery, clinical research, and human health. The partnership will focus on developing biology foundation models, integrating Nvidia tools like RAPIDS and BioNeMo with Illumina’s multi-omics analysis tools, with production-ready solutions expected before the end of the year.
Nuclear startup Deep Fission plans to bury micro-reactors to power data centers
The growing demand for greater computing power has spurred interest in nuclear power and brought attention to the emerging ecosystem of startups focused on nuclear energy. One such startup is Deep Fission, which recently signed a deal with data centre developer Endeavour to deliver 2 gigawatts from its small modular reactors (SMRs) buried in boreholes one mile deep, using depth as a substitute for extensive concrete shielding. Deep Fission’s reactors are designed to be affordable, targeting electricity costs of 5–7 cents per kilowatt-hour, significantly lower than current nuclear power costs. The company aims to activate its first reactor by 2029.
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Noticias
Apocalipsis Biosciencias para desarrollar Géminis para la infección en pacientes con quemaduras graves

– Esta nueva indicación es otro paso para desbloquear todo el potencial de la plataforma Gemini –
San Diego-(Business Wire)-$ Revb #GÉMINIS–Apocalipsis Biosciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: RevB) (la “empresa” o “revelación”), una compañía de ciencias de la vida de etapas clínicas que se centra en reequilibrar la inflamación para optimizar la salud, anunció una nueva indicación de objetivo para Géminis para la prevención de la infección en pacientes con quemaduras graves que requieren hospitalización (el Gema-PBI programa). El uso de Géminis para la prevención de la infección en pacientes con quemaduras severas, así como la prevención de la infección después de la cirugía (el Gema-PSI programa) son parte de la revelación familiar de patentes anteriormente con licencia de la Universidad de Vanderbilt.
“Estamos muy contentos de colaborar con el equipo de Apocalipsis para el avance de Géminis para la prevención de la infección en esta población de pacientes desatendida”, dijo Dra. Julia BohannonProfesor Asociado, Departamento de Anestesiología, Departamento de Patología, Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Vanderbilt. “Creemos que la actividad de biomarcador clínico observada con Gemini se correlaciona fuertemente con nuestra experiencia preclínica en modelos de quemaduras de infecciones”.
El equipo de investigación de Vanderbilt demostrado El tratamiento posterior a la quemadura reduce significativamente la gravedad y la duración de la infección pulmonar de Pseudomonas, así como un nivel general reducido de inflamación en un modelo preclínico.
“La prevención de la infección en pacientes severamente quemados es un esfuerzo importante y complementa que la revelación laboral ha completado hasta la fecha”, dijo “, dijo”, dijo James RolkeCEO de Revelation “El programa Gemini-PBI puede ofrecer varias oportunidades regulatorias, de desarrollo y financiación que la compañía planea explorar”.
Sobre quemaduras e infección después de quemar
Las quemaduras son lesiones en la piel que involucran las dos capas principales: la epidermis externa delgada y/o la dermis más gruesa y profunda. Las quemaduras pueden ser el resultado de una variedad de causas que incluyen fuego, líquidos calientes, productos químicos (como ácidos fuertes o bases fuertes), electricidad, vapor, radiación de radiografías o radioterapia, luz solar o luz ultravioleta. Cada año, aproximadamente medio millón de estadounidenses sufren lesiones por quemaduras que requieren intervención médica. Si bien la mayoría de las lesiones por quemaduras no requieren ingreso a un hospital, se admiten alrededor de 40,000 pacientes, y aproximadamente 30,000 de ellos necesitan tratamiento especializado en un centro de quemaduras certificadas.
El número total anual de muertes relacionadas con quemaduras es de aproximadamente 3.400, siendo la infección invasiva la razón principal de la muerte después de las primeras 24 horas. La tasa de mortalidad general para pacientes con quemaduras graves es de aproximadamente 3.3%, pero esto aumenta al 20.6% en pacientes con quemaduras con lesión cutánea de quemaduras y inhalación, versus 10.5% por lesión por inhalación solo. La infección invasiva, incluida la sepsis, es la causa principal de la muerte después de la lesión por quemaduras, lo que representa aproximadamente el 51% de las muertes.
Actualmente no hay tratamientos aprobados para prevenir la infección sistémica en pacientes con quemaduras.
Sobre Géminis
Géminis es una formulación propietaria y propietaria de disacárido hexaacil fosforilada (PHAD (PHAD®) que reduce el daño asociado con la inflamación al reprogramarse del sistema inmune innato para responder al estrés (trauma, infección, etc.) de manera atenuada. La revelación ha realizado múltiples estudios preclínicos que demuestran el potencial terapéutico de Géminis en las indicaciones objetivo. Revelación anunciado previamente Datos clínicos positivos de fase 1 para el tratamiento intravenoso con Géminis. El punto final de seguridad primario se cumplió en el estudio de fase 1, y los resultados demostraron la actividad farmacodinámica estadísticamente significativa como se observó a través de los cambios esperados en múltiples biomarcadores, incluida la regulación positiva de IL-10.
Géminis se está desarrollando para múltiples indicaciones, incluso como pretratamiento para prevenir o reducir la gravedad y la duración de la lesión renal aguda (programa Gemini-AKI), y como pretratamiento para prevenir o reducir la gravedad y la duración de la infección posquirúrgica (programa GEMINI-PSI). Además, Gemini puede ser un tratamiento para detener o retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (programa Gemini-CKD).
Acerca de Apocalipsis Biosciences, Inc.
Revelation Biosciences, Inc. es una compañía de ciencias de la vida en estadio clínico centrada en aprovechar el poder de la inmunidad entrenada para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad utilizando su formulación patentada Géminis. Revelation tiene múltiples programas en curso para evaluar Géminis, incluso como prevención de la infección posquirúrgica, como prevención de lesiones renales agudas y para el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica.
Para obtener más información sobre Apocalipsis, visite www.revbiosciences.com.
Declaraciones con avance
Este comunicado de prensa contiene declaraciones prospectivas definidas en la Ley de Reforma de Litigios de Valores Privados de 1995, según enmendada. Las declaraciones prospectivas son declaraciones que no son hechos históricos. Estas declaraciones prospectivas generalmente se identifican por las palabras “anticipar”, “creer”, “esperar”, “estimar”, “plan”, “perspectiva” y “proyecto” y otras expresiones similares. Advirtemos a los inversores que las declaraciones prospectivas se basan en las expectativas de la gerencia y son solo predicciones o declaraciones de las expectativas actuales e involucran riesgos, incertidumbres y otros factores conocidos y desconocidos que pueden hacer que los resultados reales sean materialmente diferentes de los previstos por las declaraciones de prospección. Apocalipsis advierte a los lectores que no depositen una dependencia indebida de tales declaraciones de vista hacia adelante, que solo hablan a partir de la fecha en que se hicieron. Los siguientes factores, entre otros, podrían hacer que los resultados reales difieran materialmente de los descritos en estas declaraciones prospectivas: la capacidad de la revelación para cumplir con sus objetivos financieros y estratégicos, debido a, entre otras cosas, la competencia; la capacidad de la revelación para crecer y gestionar la rentabilidad del crecimiento y retener a sus empleados clave; la posibilidad de que la revelación pueda verse afectada negativamente por otros factores económicos, comerciales y/o competitivos; riesgos relacionados con el desarrollo exitoso de los candidatos de productos de Apocalipsis; la capacidad de completar con éxito los estudios clínicos planificados de sus candidatos de productos; El riesgo de que no podamos inscribir completamente nuestros estudios clínicos o la inscripción llevará más tiempo de lo esperado; riesgos relacionados con la aparición de eventos de seguridad adversos y/o preocupaciones inesperadas que pueden surgir de los datos o análisis de nuestros estudios clínicos; cambios en las leyes o regulaciones aplicables; Iniciación esperada de los estudios clínicos, el momento de los datos clínicos; El resultado de los datos clínicos, incluido si los resultados de dicho estudio son positivos o si se puede replicar; El resultado de los datos recopilados, incluido si los resultados de dichos datos y/o correlación se pueden replicar; el momento, los costos, la conducta y el resultado de nuestros otros estudios clínicos; El tratamiento anticipado de datos clínicos futuros por parte de la FDA, la EMA u otras autoridades reguladoras, incluidos si dichos datos serán suficientes para su aprobación; el éxito de futuras actividades de desarrollo para sus candidatos de productos; posibles indicaciones para las cuales se pueden desarrollar candidatos de productos; la capacidad de revelación para mantener la lista de sus valores en NASDAQ; la duración esperada sobre la cual los saldos de Apocalipsis financiarán sus operaciones; y otros riesgos e incertidumbres descritos en este documento, así como aquellos riesgos e incertidumbres discutidos de vez en cuando en otros informes y otras presentaciones públicas con la SEC por Apocalipsis.
Contactos
Mike Porter
Relaciones con inversores
Porter Levay & Rose Inc.
Correo electrónico: mike@plrinvest.com
Chester Zygmont, III
Director financiero
Apocalipsis Biosciences Inc.
Correo electrónico: czygmont@revbiosciences.com
Noticias
Why Google’s search engine trial is about AI : NPR

An illustration photograph taken on Feb. 20, 2025 shows Grok, DeepSeek and ChatGPT apps displayed on a phone screen. The Justice Department’s 2020 complaint against Google has few mentions of artificial intelligence or AI chatbots. But nearly five years later, as the remedy phase of the trial enters its second week of testimony, the focus has shifted to AI.
Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/Getty Images North America
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Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/Getty Images North America
When the U.S. Department of Justice originally brought — and then won — its case against Google, arguing that the tech behemoth monopolized the search engine market, the focus was on, well … search.
Back then, in 2020, the government’s antitrust complaint against Google had few mentions of artificial intelligence or AI chatbots. But nearly five years later, as the remedy phase of the trial enters its second week of testimony, the focus has shifted to AI, underscoring just how quickly this emerging technology has expanded.
In the past few days, before a federal judge who will assess penalties against Google, the DOJ has argued that the company could use its artificial intelligence products to strengthen its monopoly in online search — and to use the data from its powerful search index to become the dominant player in AI.
In his opening statements last Monday, David Dahlquist, the acting deputy director of the DOJ’s antitrust civil litigation division, argued that the court should consider remedies that could nip a potential Google AI monopoly in the bud. “This court’s remedy should be forward-looking and not ignore what is on the horizon,” he said.
Dahlquist argued that Google has created a system in which its control of search helps improve its AI products, sending more users back to Google search — creating a cycle that maintains the tech company’s dominance and blocks competitors out of both marketplaces.
The integration of search and Gemini, the company’s AI chatbot — which the DOJ sees as powerful fuel for this cycle — is a big focus of the government’s proposed remedies. The DOJ is arguing that to be most effective, those remedies must address all ways users access Google search, so any penalties approved by the court that don’t include Gemini (or other Google AI products now or in the future) would undermine their broader efforts.

Department of Justice lawyer David Dahlquist leaves the Washington, D.C. federal courthouse on Sept. 20, 2023 during the original trial phase of the antitrust case against Google.
Jose Luis Magana/AP/FR159526 AP
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Jose Luis Magana/AP/FR159526 AP
AI and search are connected like this: Search engine indices are essentially giant databases of pages and information on the web. Google has its own such index, which contains hundreds of billions of webpages and is over 100,000,000 gigabytes, according to court documents. This is the data Google’s search engine scans when responding to a user’s query.
AI developers use these kinds of databases to build and train the models used to power chatbots. In court, attorneys for the DOJ have argued that Google’s Gemini pulls information from the company’s search index, including citing search links and results, extending what they say is a self-serving cycle. They argue that Google’s ability to monopolize the search market gives it user data, at a huge scale — an advantage over other AI developers.
The Justice Department argues Google’s monopoly over search could have a direct effect on the development of generative AI, a type of artificial intelligence that uses existing data to create new content like text, videos or photos, based on a user’s prompts or questions. Last week, the government called executives from several major AI companies, like OpenAI and Perplexity, in an attempt to argue that Google’s stranglehold on search is preventing some of those companies from truly growing.
The government argues that to level the playing field, Google should be forced to open its search data — like users’ search queries, clicks and results — and license it to other competitors at a cost.
This is on top of demands related to Google’s search engine business, most notably that it should be forced to sell off its Chrome browser.
Google flatly rejects the argument that it could monopolize the field of generative AI, saying competition in the AI race is healthy. In a recent blog post on Google’s website, Lee-Anne Mulholland, the company’s vice president of regulatory affairs, wrote that since the federal judge first ruled against Google over a year ago, “AI has already rapidly reshaped the industry, with new entrants and new ways of finding information, making it even more competitive.”
In court, Google’s lawyers have argued that there are a host of AI companies with chatbots — some of which are outperforming Gemini. OpenAI has ChatGPT, Meta has MetaAI and Perplexity has Perplexity AI.
“There is no shortage of competition in that market, and ChatGPT and Meta are way ahead of everybody in terms of the distribution and usage at this point,” said John E. Schmidtlein, a lawyer for Google, during his opening statement. “But don’t take my word for it. Look at the data. Hundreds and hundreds of millions of downloads by ChatGPT.”
Competing in a growing AI field
It should be no surprise that AI is coming up so much at this point in the trial, said Alissa Cooper, the executive director of the Knight-Georgetown Institute, a nonpartisan tech research and policy center at Georgetown University focusing on AI, disinformation and data privacy.
“If you look at search as a product today, you can’t really think about search without thinking about AI,” she said. “I think the case is a really great opportunity to try to … analyze how Google has benefited specifically from the monopoly that it has in search, and ensure that the behavior that led to that can’t be used to gain an unfair advantage in these other markets which are more nascent.”
Having access to Google’s data, she said, “would provide them with the ability to build better chatbots, build better search engines, and potentially build other products that we haven’t even thought of.”
To make that point, the DOJ called Nick Turley, OpenAI’s head of product for ChatGPT, to the stand last Tuesday. During a long day of testimony, Turley detailed how without access to Google’s search index and data, engineers for the growing company tried to build their own.
ChatGPT, a large language model that can generate human-like responses, engage in conversations and perform tasks like explaining a tough-to-understand math lesson, was never intended to be a product for OpenAI, Turley said. But once it launched and went viral, the company found that people were using it for a host of needs.
Though popular, ChatGPT had its drawbacks, like the bot’s limited “knowledge,” Turley said. Early on, ChatGPT was not connected to the internet and could only use information that it had been fed up to a certain point in its training. For example, Turley said, if a user asked “Who is the president?” the program would give a 2022 answer — from when its “knowledge” effectively stopped.
OpenAI couldn’t build their own index fast enough to address their problems; they found that process incredibly expensive, time consuming and potentially years from coming to fruition, Turley said.
So instead, they sought a partnership with a third party search provider. At one point, OpenAI tried to make a deal with Google to gain access to their search, but Google declined, seeing OpenAI as a direct competitor, Turley testified.
But Google says companies like OpenAI are doing just fine without gaining access to the tech giant’s own technology — which it spent decades developing. These companies just want “handouts,” said Schmidtlein.
On the third day of the remedy trial, internal Google documents shared in court by the company’s lawyers compared how many people are using Gemini versus its competitors. According to those documents, ChatGPT and MetaAI are the two leaders, with Gemini coming in third.
They showed that this March, Gemini saw 35 million active daily users and 350 million monthly active users worldwide. That was up from 9 million daily active users in October 2024. But according to those documents, Gemini was still lagging behind ChatGPT, which reached 160 million daily users and around 600 million active users in March.
These numbers show that competitors have no need to use Google’s search data, valuable intellectual property that the tech giant spent decades building and maintaining, the company argues.
“The notion that somehow ChatGPT can’t get distribution is absurd,” Schmidtlein said in court last week. “They have more distribution than anyone.”
Google’s exclusive deals
In his ruling last year, U.S. District Judge Amit Mehta said Google’s exclusive agreements with device makers, like Apple and Samsung, to make its search engine the default on those companies’ phones helped maintain its monopoly. It remains a core issue for this remedy trial.
Now, the DOJ is arguing that Google’s deals with device manufacturers are also directly affecting AI companies and AI tech.
In court, the DOJ argued that Google has replicated this kind of distribution deal by agreeing to pay Samsung what Dahlquist called a monthly “enormous sum” for Gemini to be installed on smartphones and other devices.
Last Wednesday, the DOJ also called Dmitry Shevelenko, Perplexity’s chief business officer, to testify that Google has effectively cut his company out from making deals with manufacturers and mobile carriers.
Perplexity AIs not preloaded on any mobile devices in the U.S., despite many efforts to get phone companies to establish Perplexity as a default or exclusive app on devices, Shevelenko said. He compared Google’s control in that space to that of a “mob boss.”
But Google’s attorney, Christopher Yeager, noted in questioning Shevelenko that Perplexity has reached a valuation of over $9 billion — insinuating the company is doing just fine in the marketplace.
Despite testifying in court (for which he was subpoenaed, Shevelenko noted), he and other leaders at Perplexity are against the breakup of Google. In a statement on the company’s website, the Perplexity team wrote that neither forcing Google to sell off Chrome nor to license search data to its competitors are the best solutions. “Neither of these address the root issue: consumers deserve choice,” they wrote.

Google and Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai departs federal court after testifying in October 2023 in Washington, DC. Pichai testified to defend his company in the original antitrust trial. Pichai is expected to testify again during the remedy phase of the legal proceedings.
Drew Angerer/Getty Images/Getty Images North America
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Drew Angerer/Getty Images/Getty Images North America
What to expect next
This week the trial continues, with the DOJ calling its final witnesses this morning to testify about the feasibility of a Chrome divestiture and how the government’s proposed remedies would help rivals compete. On Tuesday afternoon, Google will begin presenting its case, which is expected to feature the testimony of CEO Sundar Pichai, although the date of his appearance has not been specified.
Closing arguments are expected at the end of May, and then Mehta will make his ruling. Google says once this phase is settled the company will appeal Mehta’s ruling in the underlying case.
Whatever Mehta decides in this remedy phase, Cooper thinks it will have effects beyond just the business of search engines. No matter what it is, she said, “it will be having some kind of impact on AI.”
Google is a financial supporter of NPR.
Noticias
API de Meta Oleleshes Llama que se ejecuta 18 veces más rápido que OpenAI: Cerebras Partnership ofrece 2.600 tokens por segundo

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Meta anunció hoy una asociación con Cerebras Systems para alimentar su nueva API de LLAMA, ofreciendo a los desarrolladores acceso a velocidades de inferencia hasta 18 veces más rápido que las soluciones tradicionales basadas en GPU.
El anuncio, realizado en la Conferencia inaugural de desarrolladores de Llamacon de Meta en Menlo Park, posiciona a la compañía para competir directamente con Operai, Anthrope y Google en el mercado de servicios de inferencia de IA en rápido crecimiento, donde los desarrolladores compran tokens por miles de millones para impulsar sus aplicaciones.
“Meta ha seleccionado a Cerebras para colaborar para ofrecer la inferencia ultra rápida que necesitan para servir a los desarrolladores a través de su nueva API de LLAMA”, dijo Julie Shin Choi, directora de marketing de Cerebras, durante una sesión de prensa. “En Cerebras estamos muy, muy emocionados de anunciar nuestra primera asociación HyperScaler CSP para ofrecer una inferencia ultra rápida a todos los desarrolladores”.
La asociación marca la entrada formal de Meta en el negocio de la venta de AI Computation, transformando sus populares modelos de llama de código abierto en un servicio comercial. Si bien los modelos de LLAMA de Meta se han acumulado en mil millones de descargas, hasta ahora la compañía no había ofrecido una infraestructura en la nube de primera parte para que los desarrolladores creen aplicaciones con ellos.
“Esto es muy emocionante, incluso sin hablar sobre cerebras específicamente”, dijo James Wang, un ejecutivo senior de Cerebras. “Openai, Anthrope, Google: han construido un nuevo negocio de IA completamente nuevo desde cero, que es el negocio de inferencia de IA. Los desarrolladores que están construyendo aplicaciones de IA comprarán tokens por millones, a veces por miles de millones. Y estas son como las nuevas instrucciones de cómputo que las personas necesitan para construir aplicaciones AI”.
Breaking the Speed Barrier: Cómo modelos de Llama de Cerebras Supercharges
Lo que distingue a la oferta de Meta es el aumento de la velocidad dramática proporcionado por los chips de IA especializados de Cerebras. El sistema de cerebras ofrece más de 2.600 fichas por segundo para Llama 4 Scout, en comparación con aproximadamente 130 tokens por segundo para ChatGPT y alrededor de 25 tokens por segundo para Deepseek, según puntos de referencia del análisis artificial.
“Si solo se compara con API a API, Gemini y GPT, todos son grandes modelos, pero todos se ejecutan a velocidades de GPU, que son aproximadamente 100 tokens por segundo”, explicó Wang. “Y 100 tokens por segundo están bien para el chat, pero es muy lento para el razonamiento. Es muy lento para los agentes. Y la gente está luchando con eso hoy”.
Esta ventaja de velocidad permite categorías completamente nuevas de aplicaciones que antes no eran prácticas, incluidos los agentes en tiempo real, los sistemas de voz de baja latencia conversacional, la generación de código interactivo y el razonamiento instantáneo de múltiples pasos, todos los cuales requieren encadenamiento de múltiples llamadas de modelo de lenguaje grandes que ahora se pueden completar en segundos en lugar de minutos.
La API de LLAMA representa un cambio significativo en la estrategia de IA de Meta, en la transición de ser un proveedor de modelos a convertirse en una compañía de infraestructura de IA de servicio completo. Al ofrecer un servicio API, Meta está creando un flujo de ingresos a partir de sus inversiones de IA mientras mantiene su compromiso de abrir modelos.
“Meta ahora está en el negocio de vender tokens, y es excelente para el tipo de ecosistema de IA estadounidense”, señaló Wang durante la conferencia de prensa. “Traen mucho a la mesa”.
La API ofrecerá herramientas para el ajuste y la evaluación, comenzando con el modelo LLAMA 3.3 8B, permitiendo a los desarrolladores generar datos, entrenar y probar la calidad de sus modelos personalizados. Meta enfatiza que no utilizará datos de clientes para capacitar a sus propios modelos, y los modelos construidos con la API de LLAMA se pueden transferir a otros hosts, una clara diferenciación de los enfoques más cerrados de algunos competidores.
Las cerebras alimentarán el nuevo servicio de Meta a través de su red de centros de datos ubicados en toda América del Norte, incluidas las instalaciones en Dallas, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Montreal y California.
“Todos nuestros centros de datos que sirven a la inferencia están en América del Norte en este momento”, explicó Choi. “Serviremos Meta con toda la capacidad de las cerebras. La carga de trabajo se equilibrará en todos estos diferentes centros de datos”.
El arreglo comercial sigue lo que Choi describió como “el proveedor de cómputo clásico para un modelo hiperscalador”, similar a la forma en que NVIDIA proporciona hardware a los principales proveedores de la nube. “Están reservando bloques de nuestro cómputo para que puedan servir a su población de desarrolladores”, dijo.
Más allá de las cerebras, Meta también ha anunciado una asociación con Groq para proporcionar opciones de inferencia rápida, brindando a los desarrolladores múltiples alternativas de alto rendimiento más allá de la inferencia tradicional basada en GPU.
La entrada de Meta en el mercado de API de inferencia con métricas de rendimiento superiores podría potencialmente alterar el orden establecido dominado por Operai, Google y Anthrope. Al combinar la popularidad de sus modelos de código abierto con capacidades de inferencia dramáticamente más rápidas, Meta se está posicionando como un competidor formidable en el espacio comercial de IA.
“Meta está en una posición única con 3 mil millones de usuarios, centros de datos de hiper escala y un gran ecosistema de desarrolladores”, según los materiales de presentación de Cerebras. La integración de la tecnología de cerebras “ayuda a Meta Leapfrog OpenAi y Google en rendimiento en aproximadamente 20X”.
Para las cerebras, esta asociación representa un hito importante y la validación de su enfoque especializado de hardware de IA. “Hemos estado construyendo este motor a escala de obleas durante años, y siempre supimos que la primera tarifa de la tecnología, pero en última instancia tiene que terminar como parte de la nube de hiperescala de otra persona. Ese fue el objetivo final desde una perspectiva de estrategia comercial, y finalmente hemos alcanzado ese hito”, dijo Wang.
La API de LLAMA está actualmente disponible como una vista previa limitada, con Meta planifica un despliegue más amplio en las próximas semanas y meses. Los desarrolladores interesados en acceder a la inferencia Ultra-Fast Llama 4 pueden solicitar el acceso temprano seleccionando cerebras de las opciones del modelo dentro de la API de LLAMA.
“Si te imaginas a un desarrollador que no sabe nada sobre cerebras porque somos una empresa relativamente pequeña, solo pueden hacer clic en dos botones en el SDK estándar de SDK estándar de Meta, generar una tecla API, seleccionar la bandera de cerebras y luego, de repente, sus tokens se procesan en un motor gigante a escala de dafers”, explicó las cejas. “Ese tipo de hacernos estar en el back -end del ecosistema de desarrolladores de Meta todo el ecosistema es tremendo para nosotros”.
La elección de Meta de silicio especializada señala algo profundo: en la siguiente fase de la IA, no es solo lo que saben sus modelos, sino lo rápido que pueden pensarlo. En ese futuro, la velocidad no es solo una característica, es todo el punto.
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