Connect with us

Noticias

Una nueva estrategia de Google AI podría interrumpir el dominio de Openai

Published

on

Hay tantos trabajos de investigación de IA en estos días que es difícil destacarse. Pero un artículo ha programado mucha discusión en toda la industria tecnológica en los últimos días.

“Esto es lo más inspirador que he leído en IA en los últimos dos años”, escribió el fundador de inicio Suhail Doshi en X este fin de semana. Jack Clark, cofundador de Anthrope, presentó el periódico en la edición del lunes de su boletín de importación AI, que es leída de cerca por miles de investigadores de la industria.

Escrito por el investigador de Google David Silver y el científico informático canadiense Rich Sutton, el documento anuncia audazmente una nueva era de AI.

Los autores identifican dos épocas de IA modernas anteriores. El primero fue personificado por Alphago, un modelo de Google AI que aprendió a jugar el juego de mesa “Go” mejor que los humanos en 2015. El segundo es el que estamos en este momento, definido por ChatGPT de Opensei.

Silver y Sutton dicen que ahora estamos entrando en un nuevo período llamado “La era de la experiencia”.


Un gráfico del trabajo de investigación "Bienvenido a la era de la experiencia, 'por David Silver y Richard Sutton

Un gráfico del documento de investigación “Bienvenido a la Era of Experience”, de David Silver y Richard Sutton

David Silver, Richard Sutton



Para mí, esto representa un nuevo intento de Google de abordar uno de los problemas más persistentes de la IA, la escasez de datos de entrenamiento, al tiempo que va más allá de un enfoque tecnológico que OpenAi básicamente ganó.

La era de la simulación

Comencemos con la primera época, que, según los autores, era la “era de la simulación”.

En este período, aproximadamente a mediados de la década de 2010, los investigadores utilizaron simulaciones digitales para que los modelos de IA jueguen repetidamente para aprender a actuar como humanos. Estamos hablando de millones y millones de juegos, como ajedrez, póker, atari y “gran turismo”, jugados una y otra vez, con recompensas colgadas por buenos resultados, enseñando así a las máquinas lo que es bueno versus malo e incentivándolos para seguir mejor estrategias.

Este método de aprendizaje de refuerzo, o RL, produjo Alphago de Google. Y también ayudó a crear otro modelo de Google llamado Alphazero, que descubrió nuevas estrategias para el ajedrez y “ir”, y cambió la forma en que los humanos juegan estos juegos.

El problema con este enfoque: las máquinas entrenadas de esta manera funcionaban bien en problemas específicos con recompensas definidas con precisión, pero no podían abordar problemas más generales y abiertos con pagos vagos, según los autores. Entonces, probablemente no sea realmente completo.

La era de los datos humanos

La siguiente área fue lanzada por otro artículo de investigación de Google publicado en 2017. “La atención es todo lo que necesita” propuesta que los modelos de IA deben ser entrenados en montañas de datos creados por humanos de Internet. Simplemente permitiendo que las máquinas presten “atención” a toda esta información, aprenderían a comportarse como los humanos y desempeñarse tan bien como nosotros en una amplia variedad de tareas diferentes.

Esta es la era en la que estamos ahora, y ha producido ChatGPT y la mayoría de los otros potentes modelos y herramientas de IA generativos que se utilizan cada vez más para automatizar tareas como el diseño gráfico, la creación de contenido y la codificación de software.

La clave de esta época ha sido acumular la mayor calidad posible de datos generados por los humanos, y usar eso en el entrenamiento masivo y intensivo de cómputo se extiende a los modelos IMBue AI con una comprensión del mundo.

Mientras que los investigadores de Google iniciaron esta era de datos humanos, la mayoría de estas personas abandonaron la empresa y comenzaron sus propias cosas. Muchos fueron a OpenAI y trabajaron en tecnología que Ultimate produjo ChatGPT, que es, con mucho, el producto de IA generativo más exitoso de la historia. Otros comenzaron Anthrope, otra startup de IA generativa líder que ejecuta Claude, un poderoso agente de chatbot y IA.

¿Un google dis?

Muchos expertos en la industria de la IA, y algunos inversores y analistas en Wall Street, piensan que Google puede haber dejado caer la pelota aquí. Se le ocurrió este enfoque de IA, pero OpenAi y Chatgpt se han escapado con la mayoría de los botines hasta ahora.

Creo que el jurado todavía está fuera. Sin embargo, no puede evitar pensar en esta situación cuando los autores parecen estar disgustando la era de los datos humanos.

“Se podría argumentar que el cambio en el paradigma ha tirado al bebé con el agua del baño”, escribieron. “Si bien RL centrado en el ser humano ha permitido una amplitud de comportamientos sin precedentes, también ha impuesto un nuevo techo al rendimiento del agente: los agentes no pueden ir más allá del conocimiento humano existente”.

Silver y Sutton tienen razón sobre un aspecto de esto. La oferta de datos humanos de alta calidad ha sido superado por la demanda insaciable de los laboratorios de IA y las grandes compañías tecnológicas que necesitan contenido fresco para capacitar nuevos modelos y hacer avanzar sus habilidades. Como escribí el año pasado, se ha vuelto mucho más difícil y más costoso hacer grandes saltos en la frontera de IA.

La era de la experiencia

Los autores tienen una solución bastante radical para esto, y está en el corazón de la nueva era de la experiencia que proponen en este documento.

Sugieren que los modelos y los agentes deberían salir y crear sus propios datos nuevos a través de interacciones con el mundo real.

Esto resolverá el problema de suministro de datos persistente, argumentan, mientras ayudan al campo a alcanzar AGI, o inteligencia general artificial, un santo grial técnico donde las máquinas superan a los humanos en la mayoría de las actividades útiles.

“En última instancia, los datos experimentales eclipsarán la escala y la calidad de los datos generados por los humanos”, escriben Silver y Sutton. “Este cambio de paradigma, acompañado de avances algorítmicos en RL, desbloqueará en muchos dominios nuevas capacidades que superan a las que poseen cualquier humano”.

Cualquier padre moderno puede pensar en esto como el equivalente a decirle a su hijo que salga del sofá, deje de mirar su teléfono y salga afuera y juegue con sus amigos. Hay experiencias mucho más ricas, satisfactorias y más valiosas para aprender.

Clark, el cofundador antrópico, quedó impresionado por la chutzpah de esta propuesta.

“Documentos como este son emblemáticos de la confianza que se encuentra en la industria de la IA”, escribió en su boletín el lunes, citando “el sentido común de dar a estos agentes la independencia y la latitud suficientes para que puedan interactuar con el mundo y generar sus propios datos”.

Ejemplos y un posible disco final

Los autores flotan algunos ejemplos teóricos de cómo esto podría funcionar en la nueva era de la experiencia.

Un asistente de salud de IA podría fundamentar los objetivos de salud de una persona en una recompensa basada en una combinación de señales como su frecuencia cardíaca en reposo, duración del sueño y niveles de actividad. (Una recompensa en la IA es una forma común de incentivar a los modelos y agentes para que funcionen mejor. Al igual que podrías molestar a tu pareja para hacer más ejercicio diciendo que se fortalecerán y se verán mejor si van al gimnasio).

Un asistente educativo podría usar los resultados del examen para proporcionar un incentivo o recompensa, basado en una recompensa fundamentada por el aprendizaje de idiomas de un usuario.

Un agente científico con el objetivo de reducir el calentamiento global podría usar una recompensa basada en observaciones empíricas de los niveles de dióxido de carbono, sugiere Silver y Sutton.

En cierto modo, este es un retorno a la era anterior de simulación, que Google podría liderar. Excepto esta vez, los modelos y agentes de IA están aprendiendo del mundo real y recopilando sus propios datos, en lugar de existir en un videojuego u otro ámbito digital.

La clave es que, a diferencia de la era de los datos humanos, puede no haber límite para la información que se puede generar y recopilar para esta nueva fase de desarrollo de IA.

En nuestro período de datos humanos actuales, se perdió algo, argumentan los autores: la capacidad de un agente para autodescubrir su propio conocimiento.

“Sin esta base, un agente, sin importar cuán sofisticado, se convertirá en una cámara de eco del conocimiento humano existente”, escribieron Silver y Sutton, en una posible final final para OpenAi.

Continue Reading

Noticias

Different, Durable, but Needs Refinement: Priority Gemini Smart.Shift Gravel Bike Review

Published

on

Priority Bicycles hangs its hat on belt-driven, non-traditional drivetrains. In fact, there isn’t a metal chain or external derailleur on any bike in the brand’s extensive lineup. 

From kids’ bikes to electric commuters, every Priority bicycle uses a low-maintenance Gates Carbon Drive belt. The drivetrain systems vary from single-speeds and internally geared hubs to gearboxes like the new Pinion Smart.Shift.  

Gearboxes are having a moment in the mountain bike world, but haven’t seen much use or acceptance in the gravel market — the Priority Gemini Smart.Shift aims to change that. This is one of the first widely available drop-bar gravel bikes featuring Pinion’s latest Smart.Shift gearbox system.

I’ve been testing the Priority Gemini Smart.Shift Gravel ($3,499) bike for the past 4 months on the gravel roads and trails near Reno, Nev. From smooth singletrack to pristine high-desert gravel and plenty of miles on gritty pavement, I’ve put this bike through its paces.

In short: The Priority Gemini Smart.Shift is a unique entry to the gravel bike market. It has a Gates Carbon Drive belt and a Pinion Smart.Shift gearbox. While this drivetrain has some notable advantages, it takes getting used to and has one primary drawback. Otherwise, the Gemini’s geometry, ride quality, and weight lend themselves well to all-day comfort and far-flung adventures.

Looking for a new gravel bike? Check out our guide to the Best Gravel Bikes.


  • Gearbox and belt drive should be very low maintenance

  • Belt drive is super quiet

  • Comfortable, all-around geometry

  • Fairly compliant and comfortable ride for an aluminum frame


  • Gearbox shifting takes some getting used to

  • Doesn’t shift as well as claimed under load

  • Heavier weight

Priority Gemini Smart.Shift Review

I’ll spend most of this review discussing the performance of the gearbox drivetrain. While that is arguably the most compelling aspect of the Gemini, there’s more to this bike than the gearbox. I’ll start with a rundown of the bike and its performance before moving on to the Pinion Smart.Shift system.

The mounting area for the gearbox on the Priority gemini gravel bike
Using a gearbox required Priority to design a frame to accommodate it; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Priority Gemini Smart.Shift Details

Priority sells the Gemini with the 6061 aluminum frame I tested or a titanium frame. The complete build with the aluminum frame costs $3,499. Upgrading to titanium costs an additional $2,000 and gives you a 1-pound weight reduction. Regardless of frame material, both options come with a carbon fork. 

Priority designed the frame to house the Pinion Smart.Shift. The Pinion gearbox is housed at the bottom bracket, in the downtube. Otherwise, the frame looks fairly standard, with a traditional shape and design. The frame has internal cable routing, including ports to add a dropper post. 

The front triangle has mounts for two water bottles, plus one on the underside of the down tube. There’s also a set of three-pack mounts on the top tube, front and rear fender mounts, and rack mounts. Curiously, given the Gemini’s adventure and bikepacking focus, there aren’t three-pack mounts on the fork.

Priority sells the Gemini in four frame sizes, small to extra large, and claims these fit riders between roughly 5’2” and 6’4”. The bike has a total weight capacity (rider, gear, and cargo) of 275 pounds. My size XL test bike weighed 26 pounds, set up tubeless and without pedals.

Side view of the Priority Gemini gravel bikeSide view of the Priority Gemini gravel bike
The Gemini has a relatively traditional frame design with a relaxed geometry geared toward long-term comfort; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Geometry

Priority defines the Gemini as the “lowest maintenance gravel bike available for adventure riders, tourers, and recreational gravel riders.” As such, the relatively neutral geometry caters to user groups and riders interested in all-day comfort. You’ll want to look elsewhere if you’re looking for a racy or aggressive ride. 

The head tube angle, seat tube angle, and chainstay length are at or around the norms for modern gravel bikes. Its moderate length reach — 400 mm on the XL frame I tested — and high stack contribute the most to the more casual and upright body position. Riders can also tinker with stem spacers or stem length to dial in the fit as needed.

The tread on the WTB Vulpine tires that came on the Priority GeminiThe tread on the WTB Vulpine tires that came on the Priority Gemini
The Gemini comes with the versatile WTB Vulpine tires; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Components

The Priority Gemini Smart.Shift’s retail price is $3,499 — no small potatoes. The bulk of that cost goes toward the Pinion gearbox and associated components. The rest of the build won’t exactly turn any heads, but it is functional and fairly well suited to the bike’s intentions.

The Gemini rolls on a set of 700c WTB KOM i23 wheels with a matched set of 40mm-wide WTB Vulpine gravel tires. The tires and the wheels can be set up tubeless; however, the wheels came with just a standard rim strip installed. Converting these wheels/tires to tubeless required installing tubeless rim tape and valve stems.

The cockpit has a size-specific alloy drop handlebar — 440 mm wide on the XL — with a gravel-oriented 12-degree flare. Priority wraps this bar with a comfortable and grippy Microtex tape and clamps it to a 90mm alloy stem (my XL test bike has a 100mm stem). Out back, a comfy WTB Volt saddle sits atop a carbon fiber seatpost.

A set of TRP Hywire hydraulic disc brakes with 160mm rotors front and rear handles braking duties. As of now, the TRP Hywire is the only drop-bar-specific brake/shifter that pairs with the Pinion Smart Shift electric shifting system.

The TRP Hywire hydraulic disc brakesThe TRP Hywire hydraulic disc brakes
The Pinion Smart-Shift gearbox requires the use of TRP Hywire brakes, and they were surprisingly good; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Priority Gemini Smart.Shift Gravel Bike: The Ride

Before I get into the weeds about gearboxes, let’s discuss how the Gemini rides. Well, it rides exactly how you’d expect a 26-pound gravel bike with a relaxed geometry would. I found it easy to get along with, surprisingly smooth, and generally well-suited to its recreational, touring, and adventurous riding intentions.

The neutral and comfort-oriented geometry put me in a fairly upright riding position. The shorter reach was most noticeable, so I stretched that out a bit by lowering the stem under the spacer stack. Otherwise, the touchpoints worked well for me. The WTB Volt saddle, TRP brake hoods, flared handlebars, and bar tape were comfortable.

With its beefy aluminum frame, I assumed the Gemini would feel a bit harsh. On the contrary, one of the first things that stood out to me was its forgiveness over chunky gravel and chatter. I took it down some seriously rough gravel roads, and it surprised me with its supple and compliant ride feel. Some of that can probably be attributed to the WTB wheels. They’re perfectly adequate, but they aren’t the stiffest wheels around. 

Riding the Priority Gemini gravel bike down a gravel roadRiding the Priority Gemini gravel bike down a gravel road
The Gemini’s relatively smooth and forgiving ride took me a bit by surprise; (photo/Pancho Gomez)

At 26 pounds, the Gemini is heavier than most gravel bikes on the market. A fair portion of that weight is in the gearbox, which weighs more than most traditional drivetrain setups. Fortunately, that weight is centered and low, and I didn’t notice it from a handling standpoint. However, the weight was noticeable in the flats and on climbs compared to lighter and zippier bikes. 

The WTB Vulpine tires worked great on surfaces ranging from pavement to loose, dry gravel. The versatile tread rolled surprisingly quickly on the tarmac and gripped predictably on dirt and gravel surfaces.

The 40mm width was reasonable for mixed terrain rides, with time split between pavement and gravel. But they felt narrow for pure gravel riding, especially in loose conditions. With clearance for up to 50 mm tires, there’s plenty of room to go bigger.

I’ve never used TRP brakes on a drop-bar bike, but they performed surprisingly well. The lever feel was great, and the brakes were plenty powerful. 

The TRP Hywire drop bar shiftersThe TRP Hywire drop bar shifters
The TRP Hywire shifter made it possible to use the Pinion Smart.Shift gearbox on a drop-bar bike; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Pinion Smart.Shift

Gearboxes aren’t new, but they’ve steadily gained traction in various cycling segments. While more traditional chain-driven derailleur setups are the dominant drivetrain, there is a vocal minority of gearbox advocates. Weight distribution, low maintenance, reduced risk of damage — gearboxes have some notable advantages.

Until recently, the available mechanically actuated gearbox systems weren’t practical for a drop-bar bike. Pinion’s latest electric Smart Shift gearbox and the TRP Hywire brake/shifter levers have provided a solution. TRP designed these for the Pinion gearbox, making it possible to shift it from the levers, like traditional drivetrains.

Pinion bases the Smart.Shift gearboxes on its C line of gearboxes. The Gemini uses the 12-speed C1.12i. Pinion builds 18-speed, nine-speed, and six-speed Smart.Shift gearboxes for other applications. As the name suggests, the gearbox houses all shifting components, which function more like an automotive transmission. The sealed magnesium housing keeps dirt and moisture out of the system.

The non-drive side of the Pinion Smart.Shift gearboxThe non-drive side of the Pinion Smart.Shift gearbox
The Pinion Smart.Shift gearbox promises lightning-fast shifting and minimal upkeep; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Unlike a more traditional derailleur drivetrain, the gearbox sits around the cranks. The crank spindle passes through the gearbox and directly drives the gears. The spur gearing uses two sub-units that mate together to create varying gear ratios. In this case, a four-gear and a three-gear unit pair make the 12 separate gears.  

The C1.12i gearbox provides a massive 600% gear spread across its 12 speeds. That range is much wider than SRAM Transmission’s 520% and Shimano’s 510%. Additionally, cyclists can shift gears while coasting or stopped, and Pinion even claims that the Smart.Shift system shifts well under load — more on that later. Instead of a chain, a Gates Carbon Drive belt connects a sprocket on the cranks and a sprocket on the rear wheel. 

The Smart.Shift system is electric and runs off a battery that occasionally needs charging. Pinion says the battery can last up to 20,000 shifts (approximately 100 hours) before recharging. Pinion also has an app to get firmware updates, calibrate your shifting, customize shift buttons, and more.

Close-up look at the Gates Carbon Drive belt and the front sprocket on the Priority geminiClose-up look at the Gates Carbon Drive belt and the front sprocket on the Priority gemini
The Gates Carbon Drive belt never needs lube and supposedly lasts for up to 18,000 miles; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

So why choose a gearbox over a derailleur drivetrain? Low maintenance is one of the main reasons. The Gates Carbon Drive belt lasts for a claimed 30,000 km (18,000 miles). It never needs to be lubed and rarely, if ever, needs to be cleaned. The gearbox itself has a 6,000-mile service interval before the oil needs to be changed. Additionally, there is no derailleur to break or knock out of alignment.

For these reasons, a gearbox drivetrain could be an excellent option for riding super long distances, overnight touring, or bikepacking adventures. It could also be great for anyone who simply loathes bike maintenance.

Riding With Pinion Smart.Shift

So what’s it like riding a gravel bike with a gearbox? It was a bit of a mixed bag, if I’m being honest. In some ways, it was fantastic, but in others, it fell short of my expectations.

While I think that gearboxes are generally pretty cool and the technology is advancing rapidly, I’m not sure it’s the right choice for me. That said, I see the appeal and how a gearbox gravel bike could be a good fit for specific riders and types of riding.

Climbing up a gravel road while testing the Priority Gemini gravel bikeClimbing up a gravel road while testing the Priority Gemini gravel bike
The belt drive was impressively quiet and low maintenance, but the shifting performance did not meet my expectations; (photo/Pancho Gomez)

The Bad

I’ll start with what I disliked about riding with the Pinion gearbox. Despite Pinion’s claim that the Smart.Shift gearbox shifts well under load, I felt it had some serious limitations. Downshifting under heavy load was problematic. I’ve read that it works much better than the previous non-electric systems, but I’ve never tried them, so I can’t compare them directly. 

The main problem was that the times I needed to shift most, grinding uphill while climbing, there was too much load in the system. When the system was overloaded, it would cancel shifts. Unlike a derailleur drivetrain, which will shift even when you probably shouldn’t, the gearbox would simply refuse.

The inability to downshift at critical moments meant I was often stuck in too hard a gear while climbing. Or I had to back way off the power and dump a bunch of momentum to get into a lower gear. Neither of those was ideal when I was working my hardest up a steep incline.

To be fair, sometimes the system would shift under power. Shifting into higher/harder gears was consistently more successful. Downshifting, however, required perfect timing of the shift and the lowest torque in my pedal stroke. Downshifting with any power going into the pedals required an adapted shifting technique. 

Climbing up a gravel road while testing the Priority GeminiClimbing up a gravel road while testing the Priority Gemini
I can hear the electric buzz of another poorly timed shift being canceled; (photo/Pancho Gomez)

Of course, there are limits to shifting any drivetrain under load, but I found the limit was much lower with the Smart-Shift system. Essentially, I needed to relearn how and when to shift to time it perfectly with cadence and load. Otherwise, I would hear the noise of my shift being canceled again.

Did I adapt to it over time? Yes, somewhat, but … I never got to a point where it wasn’t still frustrating. I needed to reset my expectations and had a hard time doing that. 

Another thing I didn’t love was the TRP Hywire shifters. The hoods were comfortable, and the brakes worked well, but I struggled with the shifters. The shifter paddles are small, very close together, and quite sensitive, leading to many instances of accidental shifts or hitting the wrong button at an inopportune time. 

The Smart.Shift charging dongle also stuck out in an awkward spot by the head tube and would occasionally rub on my knee while pedaling. The charger was also comically large, so it would be awkward to bring with you on bike tours. Surely this could be improved.

The Gates Carbon Drive belt on the Priority geminiThe Gates Carbon Drive belt on the Priority gemini
I really enjoyed the silence and lack of maintenance of the Gates Carbon Drive Belt; (photo/Jeremy Benson

The Good

I’ll finish with what I liked about riding with the Pinion gearbox. First, it was always super quiet and stayed that way over hundreds of miles of testing. This was remarkable since the belt never needed to be lubed or cleaned, and I never had to make any adjustments. 

I also enjoyed the ability to shift without turning the cranks while coasting downhill and while stopped. When I was at a stoplight, I could drop a couple of gears so that I wasn’t awkwardly starting from a stop in too high of a gear. 

One of the big claims about Smart.Shift system is lightning-fast shifting. I can confirm that the actuation speed was impressive. With a light tap of the shifter, you can hear the little motor in the gearbox go to work almost instantly. In that regard, it worked very well.

Additionally, the Smart.Shift system’s battery life was fantastic at 100 hours or 20,000 shifts between charges. Sure, you need to charge it occasionally, but 100 hours is easily several weeks of riding for most people. Plus, the 6,000-mile service interval should keep most riders out of the shop for a very long time. That’s a year or two, depending on how much you ride.

Side view of the Priority Gemini gravel bikeSide view of the Priority Gemini gravel bike
The Priority Gemini is the gravel bike that gearbox fans have been waiting for; (photo/Jeremy Benson)

Priority Gemini Smart.Shift: Who’s It For?

If you’ve been wishing for a gearbox on a drop-bar gravel bike, consider your wish granted — the Pinion Smart.Shift gearboxes and TRP Hywire drop-bar shifters have finally made it possible to combine the two. There are some other boutique options, but the Priority Gemini is one of the most accessible in terms of price and availability.

It’s not light or racy, but the Priority Gemini Smart.Shift is exactly what Priority intended it to be. While the gearbox may be its most notable feature, the Gemini’s forgiving ride and agreeable geometry are well-suited to its touring, bikepacking, and recreational riding intentions. Add the super-low-maintenance gearbox to the mix, and this could be the perfect bike for long-distance rides and adventurous bike tours. 

While the new Smart.Shift gearbox may work better than its predecessors, but it still takes some time to get used to it. Riders must adapt somewhat to account for the shifting performance under load. Assuming you’re willing to do that, then this might be the low-maintenance adventure bike of your dreams.

Continue Reading

Trending